Intelligent Design is something I thought would have a short life and be largely ignored by mainstream media, but it has popped up again most recently on Radio National's
Encounter program (
See here) .
For me when talking to pro intellegent design people it often feels like I am being asked to side with the Bible and a bunch of fundamentalist who think that the value of pi is still 3 because that's what the Bible says (1 Kings 7:24 and 2 Chronicles 4:3) or side with a bunch of atheist scientists and intelligence.
So what's wrong with Creationism and it's newer cousin Intelligent Design? Well I am not a scientist, but I do dabble in theology and from my little dabbling I know one thing, the mechanics of how the world was created is not important why the world was created and by whom is what is important. Further more this is what was important to the writer(s) of Genesis.
In a podcast I heard of
NT Wright I remember him suggesting that we should affirm what’s good with something, critique what’s' bad and subvert what can be changed (or something to that affect) and he suggests that this is what Paul often did and I'd like to suggest that this is exactly what the writer Genesis 1:1-2:3 does with the Babylonian creation account
Enuma Elish.
Genesis 1:1-2:3 Affirms the mechanics of how the world was made and what it is now like. Both accounts have a common cosmology, a dome like world where the waters of ocean and sky (Gen 1:6) are separated, and references sea dragons, sun and moon. It subverts the Babylonian creation account by using strikingly similar imagery. Finally, it critiques the Babylonian creation account by giving us a different insight into who created the earth and why they did.
Here's how it works...
The Babylonian Creation account: The god’s are disorderly “Discord broke out among the gods although they were brothers, warring and jarring in the belly of Tiamat, heaven shook, it reeled with the surge of the dance; Apsu could not silence the clamour, their behaviour was bad, overbearing and proud.” Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: God is orderly. Every thing is made in a week. We also see day four filling day one, five filling two and six filling and day six filling day three. Each act of creation also starts with (1) an announcement of what God said (2) the command by which God created (3) the assertion that what God commanded did happen (4) God’s assessment that what had been created was good (5) A statement about when the creative act concluded.
The Babylonian Creation account: Heavens and earth are a result of a fierce battle between Marduk and Tiamat. Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: God just says and creation happens, Genesis 1:3,6,9,11,14,20,24,26
The Babylonian Creation account: Tiamat’s dead body forms the land and the blood of a dead god forms humans. The world is a result of violence. Apsu and Tiamat created bickering gods that need to be controlled. Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: The world is good. Genesis 1:4,10,12,18,21,25,31 (very good) The world is blessed by God. Genesis 1:22,28 The world has a peaceful and tranquil beginning.
The Babylonian Creation account: Many gods are created including the sun, moon and rival sea creatures. Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: Everything that is not God is created by God including the sun, moon and sea creatures.
In the Babylonian Creation account: Humans are formed by the blood of one of the vanquished god’s, who aided Tiamat. They are created to work for the God’s. In the city of Babylon order is created and Man is charged with looking after it. Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: Humans are formed in the image of God. In Genesis the created order is created by God for humans. Humans are charged with the purpose of looking after the land Genesis 1:28.
In the Babylonian Creation account: The world is created as an accidental by product of the waring Gods. The purpose of humanity is an after thought. Humanity is formed out of chaos and it is up to humanity to keep things ordered. Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: Humans are the pinnacle of creation. God creates them by just saying and it is only until after humans are made that God sees everything he has made, and declares it “very good” (Gen 1:31)
In the Babylonian Creation account: Marduk is given fifty names. Compare this to the Genesis 1:1-2:3 account: Yahweh is given no name.
Similarly the writer of Genesis 2:4-25 does the same, not so much with the Enuma Elish creation account but it draws on references to a number of Ancient eastern creation accounts and other accounts including: the Atrathaisis account from the Mesopotamian tradition and snake and tree (plant) of life imagery from the Epic of Gilgamesh.
What is even more worth of note is that the mechanics of how the world was made in Genesis 1:1-2:3 and Genesis 2:4-25 are obviously different. For example man is created first not last and man is created from dirt instead of by God’s saying. This is again further evidence that the why and by whom are what is important not the mechanics of how. I don't see these two accounts as a contradiction, it is like light which can be measured as both particles and waves. In the Genesis creation accounts we meet a God with two sides, which we often hold as opposites, coexisting in the one being. We see a God of sovereignty and intimacy and deity and humanity. We see a God who is both powerful and playful.
All this, I think is important because we live in a world where our dominant creation story (evolution) is chaotic, accidental and a ‘survival of the fittest’. I think Xns once again have similar problems with this cosmology as our ancient ancestors did with the chaotic and accidental nature of the Babylonian creation account. We can argue, not about the mechanics of creation, but that it was ordered and purposeful and that humanity is the penultimate point of God’s creation. That we are not to fight against each other for our own survival but to work in harmony with each other and to work in harmony with earth.